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17 Jul 10

William Aiken, Jr., Governor of South Carolina, 1844-1846

 http://www.historiccharleston.org/experience/arh/


If your vacation plans include Charleston, SC this summer, a "must see" stop is the Aiken-Rhett House at 48 Elizabeth Street.  The Aiken-Rhett House will take you to 1858 and let you see the splendor of one of Charleston's premier urban mansions, complete with dormitory-like quarters for enslaved African Americans.  The house is now a museum and owned by the Historic Charleston Foundation.  Use the link above to visit the Foundation's Aiken-Rhett House web page and make plans for your visit.


During my stopover this spring at the Aiken-Rhett House, members of the Foundation's staff provided important assistance in my quest to familiarize myself with William Aiken, his family, and the source of his wealth.  William Aiken, Jr. served in the South Carolina House of Representatives and Senate prior to his election as governor.  In the 1850s, Governor Aiken served three terms in the United States House of Representatives.  Given the opportunity to spend hours pouring over personal correspondence of the Aiken family and survey their former home, I was able to envision and describe and write a scene within one of their high society balls in my forthcoming novel, First Dark. 


My next novel is set during America's Civil War, Reconstruction, and Indian Wars.  Five excerpts from Chapter 2 of the novel, told from the point of view a twenty three year old servant woman named Bianca, appear below.  I am grateful to the staff of the Historic Charleston Foundation for going above and beyond the call of duty to unearth a treasure-trove of unpublished Aiken documents that support this and other chapters in First Dark. 


. . .

 

      "Huh?  I no yeddy."

      "How old is Isaac?"

      "Oh, dis year he be sixteen summers."

      "Will oonah stay in Charleston until after the big Saturday night ball?"

      "Yeah, I stay to run and fetch last minute stuff.  Den, Missus says I take oonah back to Tiffany de day atter de ball."

      Bianca smiled as she reflected on how cleverly she had dropped her question about Isaac in the middle of a different conversation topic.  She continued.  "What do oonah think dey really want me to do?"

      "Oh, Chile, I don't know.  My guess is dey want oonah to do more'n chop food and hep in the kitchen."

      Bianca was puzzled.  "Like what?"

      "Oonah a comely lass.  I guess oonah be servin' ‘mongest the guests at de ball.  Dat give the Tiffany family som' braggin' rights.  Dem and the Aikens allus tryin' som' clever way to out do one another."  Luke added a small knowing laugh.

      "Well, thanks, Mister Luke.  But, that can't be the reason Missus sent for me.  Why, oonah said yesterday that an Aiken servant just gave birth and I'm to replace her."

      "Yeah, dat be Dorcas.  And, Missus latched on dat chance to slip you in wid an offer o' catfish and rice to show off Tiffany hepin' out the Aiken family.  O'course when oonah gets down to it, the Aikens don't need no hep from nobody.  But, dat way Missus Margaret can show guests how close friends she be to Missus Harriet.  Oh, I kin heah it now."  Luke laughed and raised his voice into a falsetto.   "In front o'dey friends, Missus Margaret say, ‘Chile, you know dat cute little negress in the tasteful uniform over dere was trained at Tiffany.'  Den, Missus Harriet say, ‛Oh, isn't she marvelous!  And, she so clever and moves wid sich grace!'"

      Bianca doubled over laughing at Luke's imitation.  Luke laughed and slapped his knee.  The horse on the left flinched.

      "Who is Missus Harriet?"

      "Oh, dat be Gobernor Aiken's wife."

      "How is Gobernor Aiken de gobernor when all ‘e do is sell de rice we African's grow?"

      "Chile, ‘e ain't de gobernor no mo'.  He was gobernor back in de middle‘40s when oonah was a babe."

      "Well, how cum peoples still call'im ‘gobernor?'"

   

   "Ni, I don't know dat; but, dey do - even atter he served in de Congress o' de New Nited States in de ‘50s."


* * *

        As they passed, Bianca turned about in her seat for a better look at the rear of the Manigault house.  Luke turned east on John Street and north again on Elizabeth.  After a short distantance, Luke stopped his rig and pointed out Wragg Square Park on his left and the Aiken mansion ahead on their right.  At her first sight of the Aiken's three story brick double house, Bianca gasped and held her hands, one over the other, against her collar bone.  "Oonah mean dis huge house is jes fuh one lil' family - Gobernor Aiken, Missus Harriet, and one daughter!?"  She marveled at the sight of a three story brick house that sat high above the ground over a cellar with half windows and large wrap-around piazzas on two sides at the first and second levels.  The white columns and rail spindles of the piazzas gleamed in the bright sunlight, contrasting with the brick of the house and the greenery of the front garden and trees.

            "Yeah.  Jes dem three.  And, a few years ‘fore de war started, dey added another room biggen my house in de back to show off all de stuff dey done brung back from Europe." 


* * *


     Luke turned east on Mary Street and stopped at two tall wooden gates mounted on taller brick columns.  He pulled a chain that rang a bell in the masonry built livery.  The livery building was a part of the outer wall on the Elizabeth Street side of the Aiken's urban plantation where its first level served as quarters for horses and coaches.  In the upper level, coachmen and drivers lived in small dormitory rooms facing the garden and courtyard that were accessed by a narrow wooden spiral stair case.  On one side of the second level, hay was stored for horses, which was dropped through chutes into feeding troughs below.

      The gates opened and they were greeted by a coachman named Charles Jackson.  Bianca saw before her a short avenue, brick paved between the kitchen house and the mansion, and flanked by five magnificent magnolias with brilliant white blossoms on each side.  Brown-red chickens and white chickens scratched about and pecked in the dirt of the courtyard.  Between the magnolias and the Elizabeth Street wall stood two cows eating hay in a small brick shed.  On the opposite wall were a brick chicken coop and a small spice and vegetable garden.  Ahead on the left was a two story masonry kitchen house.  The kitchen was on the first level in the end closest to the main house, with a laundry sharing the remaining space.  The Aiken's domestic enslaved families occupied the second level, living in one room apartments, each equipped with a fireplace.


* * *


      From her position in the first parlor by the door to the piazza, Bianca saw guests arriving at the top of the marble stairs from the grand entrance on the Elizabeth Street side of the house.  The butler announced the arrival of each guest.  Every family name Luke had mentioned during their tour of the city and more were announced, some several times, including Alston, Ball, DeSaussure, Drayton, Grimball, Heyward, Huger, Jenkins, Laurens, Manigault, Middleton, Pringle, Ravenel, Rutledge, Tiffany, and Vanderhorst.  There was a stir among the guest when applause erupted upon the arrival of General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, the hero of the Battle of Bull Run, who had, five weeks prior, successfully defeated an attempt by the Union to capture Charleston.

      Bianca was surprised by the youthful appearance of General Beauregard, splendid in a perfectly tailored gray tunic festooned with eighteen brass buttons arranged in two columns and a high priest-like collar bearing the stars of his rank.  She smiled as she thought, "It won't be difficult to find him again."


      * * *


      On a signal from Henrietta, the Aikens' daughter, the orchestra struck Robert Alexander Schumann's Piano Quintet in E flat, major. A hush fell in the first parlor and all eyes followed Henrietta to the stairs from the living quarters on the third floor.  Slowly descending the stair was her mother, Harriet.  The assembled guest gasped, and then applauded.  Harriet wore a serene smile as she fairly floated from the stair into the parlor.  Diamonds on the front of her blue brocade full length dress were attached to silver threads woven into the fabric.  Harriet's dress left her shoulders bare and was form-fitting down to her knees, so that it flattered her almost perfect figure.  Below her knees were black mesh covered slits on each side and a pleated train that trailed behind her.  Light from twenty four candles in the ornate candelabra suspended from the sixteen foot ceiling was reflected in all directions by Harriet's diamonds.  Gilded floor to ceiling mirrors flanking the ten foot wide passage between the double parlors accented the effect by multiplying the light reflected by Harriet.  Dark haired ‘Heart', as close relatives and friends called Harriet, moved through the adoring throng like a queen.                               

      Bianca watched Heart's triumphant entry in silent awe from a perch beside a plant on the front wall almost as tall as she.  "Dese folk are richer dan I thought.  How did dey git so much when most peoples haves so lil'?"


* * *

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